Naturalistic Speech and Language Remediation in the Preschool Population

Views of language learning have shifted from passive, behavioristic models in the l 960\u27s to contemporary models which view the child as an active learner (Nelson, 1995). During the same time period, laws such as PL 94-142 and PL 99-457 were passed, which mandated that special services be provided to preschool children and their families and that services be provided in a Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) (Tiegerman-Farber, 1995). Naturalistic speech and language remediation is one option that meets the LRE for the preschool population. A mail-out survey of 200 Arkansas Speech-Language Pathologists was utilized in researching the actual and ideal methods employed. The purposes of the survey were: 1) to determine the number of Speech-Language Pathologists in Arkansas who employ naturalistic techniques, 2) to determine what they considered as the Ideal service-delivery method, 3) to determine if they currently employed that type of service-delivery, and 4) if not, what prevented them from doing so. The results include information from 63 surveys which were returned by SLP\u27s who serve preschoolers. Utilizing primarily naturalistic techniques was reported by 56.5% of respondents, slightly fewer SLP\u27s in small counties (44.4%) reported primarily naturalistic techniques. Ideal service-delivery was reported as a classroom setting with pull-out therapy, yet actual service-delivery was reported most frequently as individual, or one-on-one. Arkansas SLP\u27s did report using primarily naturalistic remediation, but 40.3% did not. Further, they did not report providing therapy through their ideal service-delivery method

Shear bands and cracking of metallic glass plates in bending

The thickness dependence of yielding and fracture of metallic glass plates subjected to bending is considered in terms of the shear band processes responsible for these properties. We argue that the shear band spacing (and length) scales with the thickness of the plate because of strain relaxation in the vicinity of the shear band at the surface. This is consistent with recent measurements of shear band spacing versus sample size. We also argue that the shear displacements in the shear band scale with the shear band length and plate thickness, thus causing cracks to be initiated in thicker plates at smaller bending strains. This leads to fracture bending strains that decrease markedly with increasing plate thickness, consistent with recent experiments. These results suggest that amorphous metals in the form of foams might have superior ductility and toughness

Cellular Kinetics of Compression Wood Formation in Slash Pine

The kinetics of auxin-induced compression wood formation in slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) seedlings were investigated with regard to rate and duration of cambial cell division, radial enlargement, and secondary wall formation. Exogenous lateral application of auxin (indole acetic acid) in lanolin paste to the basal portion of the seedling stems markedly increased the rate of cambial cell division and radial enlargement with a nearly proportionate decrease in the duration of both stages. The auxin application had little effect on the rate of secondary wall formation of differentiating tracheids but significantly increased the duration of this stage, resulting in a large increase in tracheid wall thickness. Untreated control seedlings exhibited no evidence of changes in cellular kinetics during the treatment period. Results indicate that the increased wall thickness of compression wood tracheids in slash pine results from an extended duration of secondary wall deposition rather than an increased rate of deposition as previously thought

A Limnological Study of Ricks Pond and the Gulpha Creek Drainage in Garland County, Arkansas

A limnological investigation of Ricks Pond and the Gulpha Creek drainage of Garland County, Arkansas was conducted between 1 June 1978, and 21 August 1978. Water samples taken from ten stations on three different dates indicated that the stream and pond systems were typical in water quality characteristics of other small, high gradient streams and impoundments in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. In Ricks Pond, thermal stratification occurred along with the development of an oxygen deficient zone below a depth of one meter. Other water quality parameters indicated that Ricks Pond is a moderately productive ecosystem, with the productivity limited by the nitrogen species. The fecal coliform bacterial counts were very low, indicating no direct input of excessive amounts of fecal matter into the system during the present study. However, a Hot Springs city sewer line runs through the pond, and two manholes emerge from the pond\u27s surface. The possibility exists that this sewer line could discharge raw sewage into Ricks Pond during periods of high water. A biological investigation was also conducted in the study area, and lists of the phytoplankton, periphyton, higher aquatic vegetation, zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fishes are presented. Twenty-seven species of fishes were collected from the Gulpha Creek drainage, and no rare or endangered forms were found. Ricks Pond is best-suited for the establishment of a put- and-take fishery for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The following recommendations were made for the establishment of such a fishery: (1) Renovation of the pond by draining and deepening it; (2) Removal of the sewer line from the pond; (3) Stocking of catchable size channel catfish at the rate of approximately 300-400 pounds per acre; (4) Periodic monitoring of the water quality

Tracheid Differentiation in Southern Pines During the Dormant Season

The differentiation of last-formed xylem tracheids of loblolly (Pinus taeda) and slash (P. elliottii) pines was followed during the overwinter dormant period in the upper Piedmont of South Carolina. Tissue samples taken from the outer portion of the stem of a poletimber-sized tree of each species in November and March were examined microscopically and tracheid transverse cell-wall thickness was measured. Cell double-wall thickness was compared between the two dormant season samples and with that of the previous year's cells of the same radial file. The comparison of cell-wall thickness indicated that the last-formed latewood cells of the annual ring continued to deposit cell-wall material through March and quite possibly into the following spring

Pool boiling of water from mechanically polished and chemically etched stainless steel surfaces

Nucleate boiling heat transfer from mechanically polished, chemically etched stainless steel boiling plat